Compressor for ice-machines.



Patented Nov. 7, I899.

E. L. SHARPNECK. COMPRESSOR FOB ICE MACHINES.

5 Sheets-Sheet No. 636,459. Patented Nov. 7, I899.

v E. L. SHARPNECK.

COMPRESSOR FOB ICE MACHINES.

(Application filed Oct. 1, 1897.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2,

No. 636,459. Patenfed Nov. 7, I899. E.IL. SHARPNECK.

GDIIPRESSUR FOB ICE "ZACHINESJ (Application filed Oct. 1, 1897.) (NoModel.) 5 Sheets$heet 3.

@9 mnzw I m 5M 9 A W minim A if) 09%? 414 9 0 I r J 7 I N0. 636,459.Patented Nov. 7, I899.

, E. L. SHARPNECK.

COMPRESSOR FUR ICE MACHINES.

(Application filed Oct. 1, 1897.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

. k a, I

No. 636,459. Patented Nov. 7, I899. E. L. SHARPNECK.

COMPRESSOR FOR ICE MACHINES.

(Application filed Oct. 1, 1897.) (No Model.) 5 sheets-Sheet 5.

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7158 ZZ, Qi'amzzecz;

ELIEL L. SHARPNECIQOF CHICAGO,

PATE T Orrica.

ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE IDEAL 'REFRIGERATING AND MANUFACTURINGCOMPANY, OF COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO.

COMPRESSOR FOR ICE-MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 636,459, dated November7, 1899.

Application filed October 1, 1897;

To aZZ whom it may concern: I

, Be it known that I, ELIEL L. SHARPNECK, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ofIllinois, have invented a 'new and useful Improvementin Ice-Machines, ofwhich the following is aspecificatiom My invention relates to animprovementin ice or refrigerating apparatus generally and of the classwherein a gas, such as anhydrous ammonia, liquefiable under mechanicalcompression is employed as the refrigerating agent.

While my invention is not to be confined to apparatus of anyespecially-limited capacity or for any specific use, lnyimprovements forthe most part are designed more particularly for use in connection withthe smaller types of individual refrigerating plants such, for example,as are adapted for employment in cooling butchers, grocers, or domesticstore-rooms or for the manufacture of ice in the smaller towns or inprivate establishments. \Vhile it is naturally desirable in apparatus ofthis class to reduce the initial cost of construction as much aspossible consistent with strength, durability, and elfectiveness, theimprovement which produces the greatest economy in the end is one thatreduces the operating expenses by increasing the capacity forrefrigeration with relation to the power employed. Individualrefrigerating plapts are coming largely into use in places where powerfor running the plants, either electrical or steam, is rented. Therental is governed by the horse-power required, and any reduction in thepower nec-. essary for operating a plant of a given capacity is one ofdaily economy, always to be desired and sometimes vitallynecessary. Al-.though the use of natural ice in establishments such as bu tcher-shopsis attended with more or lesstrouble, discomfort, and uncleanliness,refrigerating plants intended to compete with and supersede the use ofnatural ice must not in the majority of cases be materially moreexpensive than natural ice in the end. Refrigerating plants of the classto which my in vention relates employ, generally Serial No. 653,725. (Nomodel.)

stated, a close refrigerating-chamber in which compressed gas isdischarged by the compressing device, and a storage-receptacle.

which receives the condensed gas or liquid from the condenser and fromwhich the liquid. flows to expand in the refrigerating-coils.

Myobject is to provide a generally-improved refrigerating apparatus ofthe class above defined employing a com pressing-machine which shallhave 00111 paratively great capacity for compressing and discharging thereturn gas, while requiring comparatively little power for its operationand avoiding thedischarge of any appreciable amount of oil into therefrigerating-coils and employing other improvements in various parts ofthe apparatus, all tending toward economy in construction, space, andoperation, as well as toward efliciency, durability, and simplicity.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through thecompressor with certain details, however, in elevation; Fig. 2, atransverse section taken on line 2 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the directionof the arrow; Fig. 3, an enlarged section of the upper part of thecompressor, the section being taken on line 3 of Fig. 4 in the sameplane as Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a plan section taken on line 4 of Fig. 3; Fig.

5, an enlarged plan section taken on line 5 of Fig. 1; Fig. 6, a sectiontaken on line 6 of Fig. 7, giving a top plan View of a cross-head;

Fig. 7, a section taken on the irregular line 7 7 in Fig. 6; Fig. 8, anelevation of a detail of the construction of the cross-head, showing itconnected with an oil-supply pipe or piston; Figs. 9 and 10, enlargedbroken sections taken, respectively, on lines 9 and 10 of Fig. 2; Fig.11,'a diagrammatic view of an ex tended form of toggle-operatingmechanism which may be employed in place of that shown in Figs. 1 and 2,and Fig. 12 a rear elevation of the toggle mechanism shown in Fig. 11.

The shell or frame of the compressor A comprises a base-section A, anintermediate section A a removable cover-section A a compressor-cylinderA and a removable cylindcr-hcad or cap A.

E is a drive-shaft journaled toward opposite ends in boxes t at theopposite inner sides of the shell or casing and provided beyond thecasing with fly-wheels E E, one of which may be the driving-pulley. Theshaft E is in the form of a crank-shaft, to which is secured one end ofa pitman or connecting-rod F.

G is a toggle-lever having a lower arm or member G and an upper arm ormember G The arm G is mounted to rock upon or with a shaft .9, journaledor mounted in bearings s in the base of the chamber or section A.

'In the shell-section A are cross-head guides 0' r. The arms or membersof the toggle G are piv'otally con nccted together by means of a pin orshaft G to which the connecting-rod F is pivotally secured. Theconstruction of the joint may be as most plainly shown in Fig. 2.

G is a cross-head provided at opposite sides with blocks or shoes q,which move in the vertical guides 1'. Extending transversely through thecross-head is a pin or bolt 1), with which the toggle-arm G ispivotallyconnectcd at its upper end, as shown.

The compressor-cylinder A comprise a chamber 1, surrounded by a water-jack it, having an inlet-pipe n and an outlet-pi; 21 At the lower sideof the cylinder is a gas-induction port 172, communicating with avortical gas-induction passage m, co; in the shell. Extending to thepassage m a horizontal passage m cored in a boss 7.4 on the side of theshell and having a threaficd mouth 772 to which the return pipe orconduit of the expansion-coil leads. Extending t rough the cap orcylinder-head A is a central vertical opening I, surrounded at the topby an annular seat I and tapered at its lower end to present a seat orshoulder if. The opening is enlarged at- Z to afford an annular chambercommunicating with the gas eduction passage Z cored in the head r andcommunieating with a vertical pas. cored in the part A, terminating in aho zontal passage l, having a threaded mouth from which extends thegas-discharge pipe ll. Fitting the opening Z is a cylindrical valveshell. or chamber 7;, tapered at its iowcr end to fit the seat Z andafford an annular valveseat 7.1, surrounding the educiion-portot thecylinder. In the wall of the shell In at the chamber Z is an annularwrits of openings L7 Fitting upon the upper end of the valre-shell 7c isa valve-stein guide having a reduced downward-extending part It. Theupperend .of the opening I is closed by means of a capplate 7J0, havinga central upward-extending boss and held in place with bolts k Extendingthrough the cap-plate It is a screw it. Fitting the seat It is thegas-eduction valve 7r, having a stem 7a which passes loosely through theguide k into an air-cushioning cup In", hcid in place by the screw is.Surrounding the reduced portion 7.1 of the guide and-bearing against thevalve to press the latter normally to its seat is a spring 7.4

The construction of all the parts in the opening Z is such that thevalve and the valve-seatmay be quickly removed and replaced when desiredand held when in place with great security. The valve k is cushionedagainst shock in rising by the entrance of its stem into theair-cushioning cup It. When the valve is closed, its under face is inthe plane of the under t'ace ofthe cylinder-hcad A.

In the chamber I of the cylinder isa piston I upon a stem l which at itslower end is adjustably secured to the cross-hcad G. At the lower end otthe chamber I is a stuffingbox K, through which the piston-stein works.

It is a fact well known in this art that any lubricating-oil finding itsway into the refrigerating-coil works injury, for the reason that ittends to coat the inner surface of the coil and detract, owing to itsnon-conducting propcrties, from the refrigerating elliciency of thecoil. For this reason manyand various more or less ingenious traps havebeen interposed between the com pressorand refrigerating-coil to catchparticles of oil carried by the ammo nia from the compressor. It is oneof my objects in the present construction to prevent any or at least anymaterial quantity of oil from being brought into contact with the gas atthe compressor, and while it is necessary that the piston-stem shall belubricated to reduce friction at the stalling-box the construction ofthe striding-box shown and to be dcscribed effectively precludes anymaterial. q' iantityof oil from entering the piston-chamlicip The stuiii rig-box K comprises a casting having the t iindcr portion tand aflange 1, at ich it secured in place between the sections A A as shown.At the top the a y ,indcr has a reduced portion 1" just large enough forthe tree passage of the piston-stem. In the cylinder or tube i is anoiler-bearing hi, comprising a ring having upper and lower flanges 71,which lit the wall of the tube 1' and afford openings at the upper andlower ends of the bearing-piece just large enough forthe ready passagethrough them of the pistonstem. Thus, as shown most plainly in Fig. 3,inner and outer concentric chambers 71 7!?1119 formed, which communicatethrough an annular series of openings h". In the side of the tube i isan oil-port i to which leads an oilsupply pipe :Ifroma suitableoil-reser oir (See Fig. 1.) Above and below the oiler-bearing K arepacking-rings K preferably of suitable fabric, the tube bein, closed atits lower-end by means of a gland adjizr, .ably tightened in place bymeans of a screw-cap K to hold the oiling and packing rings properly inplace. The packing-rings permit the stem to carry off just enough oil toproperly lubricate it, the tendency of any surplus oil being to Work itsway downward rather than upward. The lower end of the chamber 1' of thecylinder extends slightly below the inlet-port m, and any oil out fromthe pistoustem by the IIO ammonia-gas will fall into the trap thusprovided. As in practice but little oil'will accumulate in this trap, itis not thought necessary to provide an outlet therefor. The trap may becleaned at any time when the machine is being overhauled and the pistonremoved. If desired, a hard, pulverulent, or plastic lubricant may beemployed instead of oil at the oiling-bearing; but the practicaloperation of the present machine has demonstrated that no material or,in fact, appreciable amount of oil enters the compressor-chamber fromthe piston-rod lubricator. The piston 1 contains a chamberf, to whichopenings f lead from the under side of the piston. At the top of thechamber f is a cap-plate f fastened in place with screws, as indicated,and holding the piston-ring f in place. In the top of the cap plate f isan outlet-port surrounded by a flaring valve-seat f and below the saidport is a spider f forming a guide for the stem f of an upwardly-liftingvalve f ,which closes against the seat f Below the spider the stem f 6carries a-nut 1, against which bears a confined spring f which tends topress the stern downward and hold the valve closed. The valve f whenclosed extends at" its upper face flush with the end face of the piston,and, as before stated, the valve 10 at its under face extends flush withthe face of the cylinder-head. Thus when the piston is moved to thecylinder-head clearance is absolutely avoided. Extending verticallythrough the cylinderhead A is an opening m threaded at the top andtapered and reduced at its lower end m to afford a valve-seat; A reducedpassage m cored or drilled'in the cylinder-shell A and cylinder-headAfi'extends from the inductionpassage on to. the passage or opening m\Vorking in the opening in is a valve m upon a stem in", passing througha stuffing-box m screwed into the upper endv of the opening. The stem mis provided with a handle m. Below the beveled seating-face of the valvem is a projection an, which fills the port at m. The stem m is threadedand passes through a threaded opening in the stuffingbox m this being acommon construction, whereby when the handlemt is turned to the left thevalve m is raised from its seat to open communication between theinductionpassage in and cylinder above the piston. \Vhen the handle inis turned to the right,

the valve m is seated, its lower end extending flush with the-lower faceof the cylinderhead to avoid all clearance between said face and thepiston.

The general operation of the apparatus is in the main the same as otherapparatus of this character. Return gas entering the port on iscompressed in the cylinder by the piston and discharged through the portIt" and passages Z Z l to the pipe II. When the gas has done itswork inthe expansion-coil, it is returned through the port m and passages m mto the cylinder-chamber I. In the downstroke of the piston I the gasbeneath it in the chamber 1 opens the valve f and passes above thepiston. In the rise of the piston the said gas is forced through theport is, opening the valve against the back pressure in the system, andthus compressing the gas.

To produce the best results and prevent waste of power, there should beabsolutely no clearance between the piston and cylinderhead. Theexpansive force of the gas when compressed as compared with thatentering from the return-pipe .may be as one hundred and twenty poundsto twenty pounds, more or less, whereby a clearance one-eighth of aninch or even less would causea piston having a traverse of five or sixinches to perform no useful work. No valve which lifts from its seat andis seated by the back pressure of fluid under the suction action of apiston will close without permitting the retrogression of more or lessfluid through the valve. In

other words, were the valve 70 not to close until the piston turns upon.its downstroke a certain quantity of compressed gas would be drawn orsucked back into the cylinder and by its expansion prevent the pistonfrom doing useful work throughout more or less of its stroke. For thesake of economy, there fore, it is necessary that the piston shallremain practically quiescent at the end of its upstroke for a periodsufficiently prolonged to permit thevalve It to close before the pistonstarts upon the downstroke. The principal object of the toggleconstruction which I have shown and described is to accomplish thisresult and absolutely preclude the retrogression of gas through thevalve k in the descent of the piston. In the construction shown in Figs.1 and 2 in the rotation of the drive-shaft the piston will ascend nearlythree-quarters of the distance of its traverse in the firstquarter-revolution of the shaft and rise at gradually-slowing speed tothe top of the cylinder. There while the levers are at the dead-centerand the crank is crossing the dead-center the piston remainspracticallyquiescent for a period long enough to permit the valve k to close. Thepiston-,stem at its lower end is screwed into a socket in the top of thecross-head G as shown in Fig. 3. The object of this construction is torender the stem ad justable to a limited extengt to adjust the pistontoward or away from the cross-head, and in practice this adjustmentshould be such that the piston will just touchv without apparent impactagainst the under A face of the cylinder-head when it reaches the limitof its rise. Thus as the valves when. closed are flush with thesurrounding surfaces praetically no clearance will exist and all gaswill be expelled. While the piston is practically at a standstill, theeduction-valve 70, closes and in closing expcls the gas upward frombetween it and its seat. Thus when the piston starts on its downstrokeit leaves no gas above it to expand and interfere with its-useful work.I

If it is desired to prolong the practical stoppage of the piston at theend of its upward stroke, the connecting-rod F may be shortened slightlyby screwing it a little farther into the coupling F, which joins it tothe toggle-lever, so that the toggle lever will be drawn slightly pastits dead-center. A further great advantage of this constructioninvolving the toggle mechanism lies in that it greatly reduces the powernecessary to produce a given compression, for .the reason that theleverage increases as the resistance increases.

Taking into consideration the resistance of the spring it, which it isdesired to employ, and the quickness with which it will close the Valveb the compressor shown in Fig. 1 may be run at, say, two hundredrevolutions per minute and allow just sufficient time while the pistonis at the end of its upstroke for the valve to become firmly seatedbefore the piston starts to descend. \Vhen a materiallygreater speed isdesired, I prefer to provide a construction according to the diagramshown in Fig. 11. In this construction the connection between thetoggle-lever G and the counecting-rod F is through an intermediatetoggle N, the arms of which are somewhat longer than the distance fromthe joint of the toggle G to the points of connection of the arms of thetoggle N with the arms of the toggle G. In the rotation of thedrive-shaft the pistonwill move only about one-fifth of the distance ofits traverse in one-quarter revolution and the rest of the distance inthe next quarter-revolution. Thus the time during which the pistonremains apparently at rest at the top of its stroke may be greatlyprolonged and give as protracted a time for the valves to close when thedrive-shaft is running at three hundred revolutions per minute, as isthe case in the other construction running at two hundred revolutionsper minute. A further advantage gained by the construction illustratedin Figsull and 12 is that a much shorter crank may be employed upon thedrive-shaft to produce the same traverse of the piston, which by thusgreatly incr'easin g the leverage of the crank-shaft decreases to a verymaterial extent the power necessary for driving the machine.

It is very desirable to dispense with oil-cups at the joints of themechanism, for the reason that they must be filled at intervals, andthus require more or less constant attention. In

the place of oil-cups I provide the following automatic lubricatingmeans for the shaft, connecting-rod, and toggle-bearings.

The base portion A of the compressor-casing forms anoil-receptacle,which may be filled with a lubricating-oil to, say, theplane 00. This causes the crank to dip into the oil with each revolutionand lubricate the bearing thereon for the connecting-rod. Fastened inone side ofthe base portion is a stem 0, carrying on the inner side ofthe base a head or clamp c.

P is a pump having a cylinderb in the form of a tube open at its upperend and closed at its lower end and provided nearits lower end withinlet-openings I). \Vorking in the cylinder I) is a piston in the formof a hollow tube Z1 contracted at its lowerend, as shown in Fig. 5), andhaving'there an inlet-opening I). In the lower end of the tube b andnormallyclosing the opening Uis a movable ballvalve b. The pin or bolt1), which forms the connection between the toggle-arm G and thecross-head, is provided internally with a longitndinally-extendingpassage 1), (see Fig. 5,) opening at one end into a threaded socketp inthe under side of thepin. Extending from the passage 12 are radialoutlet-openings 19 leading to the surface of the pin at the crossheadand toggle-arm. The hollow piston 12 is screwed at its upper end intothe soeketp The cylinder 1) of the pump may be raised and lowered in thesupporting-head c to increase or diminish the working stroke of thepiston Z1 It will be understood that the farther the piston b passesbelow the openings 11 the more oil will be drawn into the cylinder witheach operation and discharged. The piston if rises and falls with thecross-head G The oil discharged into the passage 1) passes for the mostpart through openings 1) into chambers p in the shoes q, and thencethrough openings q to the surfaces of the guides r. At the lower ends ofthe guides r I provide troughs r r respectively, which are open at thetop and closed at opposite ends and receive the oil which trickles downthe guides r. Extending from the center of the trough r, as shown inFig. 1, is a pipe or duct T The rear end of. the connecting-rod couplingor bearing-head F is provided with a flaring opening a, leading to thepin G (see Fig. 10,) and the pipe 2' terminates above the path of theopening a, where the connecting-rod nears the limit of its movement inthe backward direction. Thus each time the connecting-rod moves in thebackward direction the opening or receptacle a passes beneath the pipe1' and receives part of the oil discharged from the latter. From thereceptacle a the oil passes into the bearing through a'duct a tolubricate the toggle-joint. Pipes or ducts r extend from opposite endportions of the trough r to the bearings 25 of the shaft E,

whereby oil trickling into the trough T will be conducted to the saidbearings 13 to lubricate them.

In each side of the section A are openings w for ready access to theinterior of the shell. These openings I provide with tightly-fittin butreadily-removable doors w for the exclii sion of dust and to prevent oilfrom splashing out of the casing.

As before stated, one of the principal objeets of my present inventionis to reduce the running expenses of a plant of the class to which thisinvention relates to the minimum. In order that there shall be no wasteof power in the compressor, it is necessary to have no clearance betweenthe piston and cylinderhead, so that all the gas will be expelled in theupstroke of the piston. It is also necessary that the eduction-valveshall close before the piston starts on its downst-roke to prevent anyretrogression of compressed gas through the eduction-valve. Theconstruction described accomplishes these objects by causing the pistonto have a practically intermitting movement instead of a regularreciprocation,the interruption or stoppage of movement taking place whenthe piston is at the point nearest the eduction-valve. In practice thechange in angle of the various lever mechanisms and natural looseness ofjoints will tend very materially to prolong the actual stoppage of thepiston in the final extending and flexing movement of the toggle whenboth the driving-crank and toggle-lever are at or crossing theirdead-centers. It ma be stated that in watching the operation of thecon-" struction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 while the shaft turns at onehundred and twenty-five revolutions per minute the eye can detect anappreciable prolonged stoppage of the piston at the end of the upstroke,while none can be detected at the end of the downstroke. Whether drivendirectly from the crank or through the toggle mechanism, as described,

the piston must reciprocate once with every revolution ofthedrive-shaft; but by the apportionment of time or change in the speed ofthe piston by making the latter move quickly where quickness is economy,and more slowly, even to stoppage, where economy requires it, I produceresults which, so far as I am aware, cannot be effected in any otherway. In the construction shown in Figs. 11 and 12 there is a stillgreater saving in power, as well as prolongation of the time between theascent and descent of the piston.

\Vhen the compressor is initially started, there is a back pressure inthe system against which the piston has to work when it commences thecompressing operation. In a compressor which requires, say,aone-horse-power motor to keep it in operation after it has been starteda motor of nearly two-horse capacity would be required to start thecompressor were it to operate in its initial movements to compress thegas. To overcome this difficulty, I provide the valved starting-passagem? m described. In operation before starting the compressor the valve mis raised by turning the handle m to open communication between oppositesides of the piston. Therefore when the compressor is started the gasabove the piston is forced through the port m i and around to the underside of the piston,and

as the piston descends gas flows from beneath the piston around throughthe starting-passage to the upper end of the compressor-chamber. In thisway the piston meets with practically no resistance, the valve beingleft open until the fly-wheels are at full speed. When the valve m isclosed after the fly-wheels have reached full speed, the compression ofthe gas is performed with the least expense of power. This feature of myinvention is very important in those places where, as before stated, thepower is rented, because a one-horse-power compressor may be run with aone-horse-power motor and the rental would be of a one-horse-power motorinstead of a motor having the capacity of two-horse power.

I have designed all parts of the mechanism shown with a view to economyboth in construction and operation, and it requires noespecially-skilled attendant either for running it or for the adjustmentor replacement of parts at any time. oiled by the machine automatically,as described, and the shell is rendered practically dust-proof. Thus theapparatus requires practically no attention except for starting andstopping it.

VVhile I prefer to construct my improvements throughout as shown anddescribed, they may be modified in various ways, both in the matter oftheir arrangement and de-. tails of construction,without departingfromthe spirit of my invention as defined by the claims. I

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a refrigerating-machine,the combination of the compressor-cylinderhaving in its discharge end an 'eduction-port communicat ing with thedischarge-conduit, an inwardlyclosing valve at said port, a piston inthe 0yinder, and toggle mechanism for driving the piston to avoidclearance at the end of its discharge-stroke and for interrupting themovement of the piston ,for a period sufficiently prolonged to allow thevaTve to become seated before the piston advances upon itssuctionstroke.

2; In a refrigerating-machine,the combination with thecompressor-cylinder and the gas return and discharge conduits, of aneduction-port in the cylinder-head communi-. eating with thedischarge-conduit, an inwardly-closing valve at said port, a piston inthe cylinder, and means for operating the piston to move the same to thecylinder-head approximately without clearance, comprising a toggle-levermounted to rock at one of its arms on a fulcrum and operative] yconnected at its other arm with the piston, and togglelever-drivingmeans geared to the toggle-1ever to flex the same to one side, toproduce the suction-stroke of the piston, and to extend the same to adead-center, to produce the discharge-stroke of the piston, and at theend of the discharge-stroke to interrupt movement of the piston for aperiod sufficiently prolonged to permit seating of the eductionvalvebefore the piston advances upon its suction-stroke, substantially as andfor the purpose'set forth.

3. In arefrigerating-machine, the combination with thecompressor-cylinder and the gas return and discharge conduits, of aneduction-port in the cylinder-head communi- ICC eating with thedisehargcconduit, an inwardly-closing valve at said port, a piston inthe cylinder, and means for operating the piston to move the same to thecylinder-head approximately without clearance, comprising a toggle-levermounted to rock at one of its arms on a fulcrum and operativelyconnected at its other arm with the piston, and togglelever-drivingmeans comprising a crank-shaft geared to the toggle-lever, to flex thesame to one side and produce the suction-stroke of the piston, in themovement of the crank to one dead-center, and to extend the toggle-leverto a dead-center, and produce the dischargestroke of the piston, in themovement of the crank to its other dead-center, and interrupt movementof the piston at the end of its discharge-stroke for a prolongedperiod,whereby the seating of the eduction-valve is effected duringsuchinterruption,substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a refrigerating-maehine,'the combination with thecompressor-cylinder and the gas return and discharge conduits, of aneductionport in the cylinder-head communicating with thedischarge-conduit, an inwardly-closing valve at said port, aninduction-port toward the opposite end of the cylinder communicatingwith the return-conduit, a passage extending from the cylinder-head tothe opposite end portion of the cylinder, a valve for opening andclosing said passage, a piston in the cylinder, and means-for operatingthe piston to move the same to the cylinder-head approximately withoutclearance, comprising a toggle-lever mounted to rock at one of its armson a fulcrum and operatively connected at its other arm with the piston,and toggle-leverdriving means geared to the toggle-lever to flex thesame to one side, to produce the suction-stroke of the piston, and toextend the same to a dead-center, to produce the dischargestroke of thepiston, and at the end of the discharge-stroke to interrupt movement ofthe piston for a period sufliciently prolonged to permit seating of theeduetion-valve before the piston advances upon its suctionstroke,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. Inarefrigeratirig-machine, thecombination with thecompressoncylinder, and the gas return and discharge conduits, of aneductionport in the cylinder-head communicating with thedischarge-conduit, an inwardly-closing valve at said port extending whenseated flush with the inner face of the cylinder-head, an induction-porttoward the opposite end of the cylinder communicating with thereturnconduit, a passage through the piston, an induction-valve on thepiston for opening and closing said passage and extending when seatedflush with the end of the piston, and means for operating the piston tomove the .same to the cylinder-head approximately without clearance,comprising a toggle-lever mounted to rock at one of its arms on afulcrum and operatively connected at its other arm with the piston, andtoggle-lever-driving means geared to the toggle-lever to flex the .for aperiod sulticiently prolonged to permit seating of the eduction-valvebefore the piston advances upon its suction-stroke,substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

6. In a compressor, the combination with the compressor-cylinder, pistonin the cylinder, and drive-shaft, of a toggle-lever-mounted to rock atone of its arms on a fixed fulcrum, and operatively connected at itsother arm with the piston, a pitman connected in eccentric operativerelation to the shaft, and intermediate toggle mechanism forming aconnection between the said pitman and toggle,- lever, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

7. In a compressor, the combination with the shell having a base portionforming an oilreservoir and supporting the cylinder, driveshaft, piston,piston-stem and piston-stemdriving cross-head, of bearings for thedriveshaft on the inner sides of the said base provided withoiling-openings, a chamber in the cross-head having outlets to thecross-head guides, an oil-pump in the said base portion actuated fromthe compressor-driving mechanism and discharging into the said chamber,and oil-conveying ducts extending from below said cross-head guide tothe said oilingopenings at the drive-shaft, substantially as and forthepurpose set forth.

ELIEL L. SIIARPNECK.

In presence of- M.-J. Fnos'r, J. H. LEE.

